Publication

Please refer to my google scholar for my full publication list »

 

Selected Publications: Journal

  • J. Hollister, D. Paz-García, B.Price, R. Beas, T. Horton, X. Cai, and P. Fenberg. Genes, Shells, and AI: Using Computer Vision to Detect Cryptic Morphological Divergence between Genetically Distinct Populations of Limpets. Scientific Reports, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30613-1, 2025.

  • K. Alomar, H. Aysel, and X. Cai. RNNs, CNNs and Transformers in Human Action Recognition: A Survey and a Hybrid Model. Artificial Intelligence Review, DOI: 10.1007/s10462-025-11388-3, 2025.

  • J. Hollister, G. Martin, X. Cai, T. Horton, J. Cristovao, O. Powell, M. Sterling, G. Turnbull, B.~Price, and P. Fenberg. A Computer Vision Method for Finding Mislabelled Specimens within Natural History Collections. Ecology and Evolution, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71648, 2025.

  • J. Lee, X. Cai, C. Schoenlieb, and S. Masnou. Neural Varifolds: An Aggregate Representation for Quantifying Geometry of Point Clouds. Transactions on Machine Learning Research, https://openreview.net/forum?id=P02hoA7vln, 2025.

  • H. Aysel, X. Cai, and A. Prugel-Bennett. Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Advancements and Limitations. Applied Sciences, 15(13), 7261, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app15137261, 2025.

  • J. Liu, X. Cai, and M. Niranjan. Medical Image Classification by Incorporating Clinical Variables and Learned Features. Royal Society Open Science, 12:241222, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241222, 2025.

  • K. Fan, X. Cai, and M. Niranjan. Non-negative Subspace Feature Representation for Few-shot Learning in Medical Imaging. Image and Vision Computing, 152:105334, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2024.105334, 2024.

  • J. Liu, K. Fan, X. Cai, and M. Niranjan. Few-shot Learning for Inference in Medical Imaging with Subspace Feature Representations. PloS ONE, 19(11): e0309368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309368, 2024.

  • K. Fan, X. Cai, and M. Niranjan. Discrepancy-based Diffusion Models for Lesion Detection in Brain MRI. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 181(18):109079, DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109079, 2024.

  • H. Lin, W. Zhang, J. Mulqueeney, A. Brombacher, A. Searle-Barnes, M. Nixon, X. Cai, and T. Ezard. 3DKMI: A MATLAB Package to Generate Shape Signatures from Krawtchouk Moments and an Application to Species Delimitation in Planktonic Foraminifera. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 00, 1–9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14388, 2024.

  • X. Cai, R. Chan, X. Xie, and T. Zeng. An Efficient and Versatile Variational Method for High-Dimensional Data Classification. Journal of Scientific Computing, DOI: 10.1007/s10915-024-02644-9, 2024.

  • W-T. Yeung, X. Cai, Z. Liang, and B.-H. Kang. 3D Orientation Field Transform. Pattern Analysis and Applications, DOI: 10.1007/s10044-024-01212-z, 2024.

  • H. Aysel, X. Cai, and A. Prugel-Bennett. Multilevel Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Visual and Linguistic Bonded Explanations. IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, 5(5):2055–2066, 2024.

  • J. McEwen, T. Liaudat, M. Price, X. Cai, and M. Pereyra. Proximal Nested Sampling with Data-driven Priors for Physical Scientists. Physical Sciences Forum, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023009013, 2023.

  • L. Li, G. Gao, J. Liu, and X. Cai. Remote Sensing Image Ship Matching Utilising Line Features for Resource-limited Satellites. Sensors, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239479, 2023.

  • J. Hollister, X. Cai, T. Horton, B. Price, K. Zarzyczny, and P. Fenberg. Using Computer Vision to Identify Limpets from Their Shells: a Case Study Using Four Species from the Baja California Peninsula. Frontiers in Marine Science, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1167818, 2023.

  • W. Dong, G. Yu, L. Qi, and X. Cai. Practical Sketching Algorithms for Low-Rank Tucker Approximation of Large Tensors. Journal of Scientific Computing, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-023-02172-y, 2023.

  • K. Alomar, H. Aysel, and X. Cai. Data Augmentation in Classification and Segmentation: A Survey and New Strategies. Journal of Imaging, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9020046, 2023.

  • M. Du, P. Zhong, X. Cai, D. Bi, and A. Jing. Robust Bayesian Attention Belief Network for Radar Work Mode Recognition. Digital Signal Processing, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2022.103874, 2023.

  • X. Cai, J. McEwen, and M. Pereyra. High-dimensional Bayesian Model Selection by Proximal Nested Sampling. Statistics and Computing, 32(5):1–22, 2022.

  • Z. Liang, W-T. Yeung, K. Mai, J. Ma, Z. Liu, Y. Chong, X. Cai, and B.-H. Kang. CURT1A and CURT1C Mediate Distinct Stages of Plastid Conversion in Arabidopsis Cotyledon. The Plant Cell, 34(10):3830–3843, 2022.

  • M. Du, P. Zhong, X. Cai, and D. Bi. DNCNet: Deep Radar Signal Denoising and Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 58(4):3549–3562, 2022.

  • M. Du, X. He, X. Cai, and D. Bi. Balanced Neural Architecture Search and Its Application in Specific Emitter Identification. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 69:5051–5065, 2021.

  • M. Price, J. McEwen, X. Cai, T. Kitching, and C. G. R. Wallis. Sparse Bayesian Mass-mapping with Uncertainties: Hypothesis Testing of Structure. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS), 506(3):3678–3690, 2021.

  • X. Cai, R. Chan, and T. Zeng. An Overview of SaT Segmentation Methodology and Its Applications in Image Processing. Handbook of Mathematical Models and Algorithms in Computer Vision and Imaging: Mathematical Imaging and Vision, Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–27, 2021.

  • M. Price, X. Cai, J. McEwen, M. Pereyra, and T. Kitching. Sparse Bayesian Mass-mapping with Uncertainties: Local Credible Intervals. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS), 492(1):394–404, 2020.

  • X. Cai, C. G. R. Wallis, J. Y. H. Chan, and J. D. McEwen. Wavelet-based Segmentation on the Sphere. Pattern Recognition, 100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2019.107081, 2020.

  • J. Williams, C.-B. Schonlieb, T. Swinfield, J. Lee, X. Cai, L. Qie, and D. Coomes. 3D Segmentation of Trees Through a Flexible Multiclass Graph Cut Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 58(2):754–776, 2020.

  • X. Cai, R. Chan, C.-B. Schonlieb, G. Steidl, and T. Zeng. Linkage Between Piecewise Constant Mumford-Shah Model and Rudin-Osher-Fatemi Model and Its Virtue in Image Segmentation. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 41(6):B1310–B1340, 2019.

  • M. Price, J. McEwen, X. Cai, and T. Kitching. Sparse Bayesian Mass-mapping with Uncertainties: Peak Statistics and Feature Locations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS), 489(3):3236–3250, 2019.

  • X. Cai, L. Pratley, and J. McEwen. Online Radio Interferometric Imaging: Assimilating and Discarding Visibilities on Arrival. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS), 485(4):4559–4572, 2019.

  • X. Cai, R. Chan, H. Yang, and T. Zeng. Smoothing and Thresholding - a Flexible Methodology for Image Segmentation. SIAM news, 2019.

  • X. Cai, M. Pereyra, and J. McEwen. Uncertainty Quantification for Radio Interferometric Imaging: II. MAP Estimation. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS), 480(3):4170–4182, 2018.

  • X. Cai, M. Pereyra, and J. McEwen, Uncertainty Quantification for Radio Interferometric Imaging: I. Proximal MCMC Methods. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS), 480(3):4154–4169, 2018.

  • With N. Burnet, et al. Applying Physical Science Techniques and CERN Technology to an Unsolved Problem in Radiation Treatment for Cancer: the Multidisciplinary “VoxTox” Research Programme. CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation, 1(1):3, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23726/cij.2017.457, 2017.

  • X. Cai, R. Chan, M. Nikolova, and T. Zeng. A Three-stage Approach for Segmenting Degraded Color Images: Smoothing, Lifting and Thresholding (SLaT). Journal of Scientific Computing, 72(3):1313–1332, 2017.

  • B. Bauer, X. Cai, S. Peth, K. Schladitz, and G. Steidl. Variational-based Segmentation of Biopores in Tomographic Images. Computers & Geosciences, 98:1–8, 2017.

  • J. Lee, X. Cai, M. Dalponte, Y. Malhi, N. Butt, M. Morecroft, C.-B. Schonliev, and D. Cooms. Individual Tree Species Classification from Airborne Multisensor Imagery Using Robust PCA. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 9(6):2554–2667, 2016.

  • X. Cai, C.B. Schonlieb, J. Lee, J. Scaife, K. Harrison, M. Sutcliffe, M. Parker and N. Burnet. Automatic Contouring of Soft Organs for Image-guided Prostate Radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol., 119 (suppl 1):S895–896, 2016.

  • J. Lee, X. Cai, C.-B. Schonlieb, and D. Coomes. Non-parametric Image Registration of Airborne LiDAR, Hyperspectral and Photographic Imagery of Wooded Landscapes. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 99:1–12, 2015.

  • J. Scaife, K. Harrison, A. Drew, X. Cai, et al. Accuracy of Manual and Automated Rectal Contours Using Helical Tomotherapy Image Guidance Scans during Prostate Radiotherapy. J. Clin. Oncol., 33:94–94, 2015.

  • X. Cai. Variational Image Segmentation Model Coupled with Image Restoration Achievements. Pattern Recognition, 48:2029–2042, 2015.

  • X. Cai, J. Fitschen, M. Nikolova, G. Steidl, and M. Storath. Disparity and Optical Flow Partitioning Using Extended Potts Priors. Information and Inference: A Journal of the IMA, 4(1):43–62, 2015.

  • X. Cai, R. Chan, S. Morigi, and F. Sgallari. Vessel Segmentation in Medical Imaging Using a Tight-Frame Based Algorithm. SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences, 6(1):464–486, 2013.

  • X. Cai, R. Chan, and T. Zeng. A Two-Stage Image Segmentation Method Using a Convex Variant of the Mumford-Shah Model and Thresholding. SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences, 6(1):368–390, 2013.

 

Selected Publications: Conference/Proceeding

  • Y. Zhang, T. Sun, P. Fang, D. Wang, X. Cai, M. Zhang, and H. Kim. MotionDuet: Dual-Conditioned 3D Human Motion Generation with Video-Regularized Text Learning. Accepted for publication in the Findings of the Forty-Third IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2026

  • H. Chen, P. Fang, Y. Chen, Y. Ren, J. Hao, F. Tang, X. Cai, S. Shan, and F. Liu. HiFi-Mamba: Dual-Stream $w$-Laplacian Enhanced Mamba for High-Fidelity MRI Reconstruction. Accepted for publication in The Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2026.

  • D. Fu, T. Sun, P. Fang, X. Cai, and H. Kim. MOGO: Residual Quantized Hierarchical Causal Transformer for High-Quality and Real-Time 3D Human Motion Generation. Accepted for publication in The Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2026.

  • G. Chen, L. Shen, X. Cai, I. Razzak, and S. Jameel. HIPPD: Brain-Inspired Hierarchical Information Processing for Personality Detection. Accepted for publication in 17th Asian Conference on Machine Learning (ACML), 2025.

  • L. Shen, Y. Long, X. Cai, G. Chen, Y. Wang, I. Razzak, and S. Jameel. LL4G: Self-Supervised Dynamic Optimization for Graph-Based Personality Detection. Accepted for publication in IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo (ICME), 2025.

  • L. Shen, X. Cai, Y. Long, I. Razzak, G. Chen, and S. Jameel. CALM: Culturally Self-Aware Language Models. The Thirty-Ninth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), https://openreview.net/forum?id=16QYhVFvrO, 2025.

  • L. Shen, Y. Long, X. Cai, G. Chen, I. Razzak, and S. Jameel. Less but Better: Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models for Personality Detection. IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), DOI: 10.1109/IJCNN64981.2025.11228339, 2025.

  • L. Shen, X. Cai, Y. Long, I. Razzak, G. Chen, and S. Jameel. EmoPerso: Enhancing Personality Detection with Self-Supervised Emotion-Aware Modelling. The 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM), pp. 2577–2587, https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3761247, 2025.

  • D. Hobson, B. Chu, and X. Cai. A Biologically-Inspired Modular-Based Iterative Learning Control Design with Provable Convergence. IEEE 23rd European Control Conference (ECC), DOI: 10.23919/ECC65951.2025.11187180, 2025.

  • G. He, W. Cheng, H. Zhu, X. Cai, and G. Yu. tCURLoRA: Tensor CUR Decomposition Based Low-Rank Parameter Adaptation and Its Application in Medical Image Segmentation. In: Gee, J.C., et al. Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2025. MICCAI 2025. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 15975. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05325-1_55, 2025.

  • R. Guan, R. Zhang, N. Ouyang, J. Liu, K. L. Man, X. Cai, M. Xu, J. S. Smith, E. G. Lim, Y. Yue, and H. Xiong. Talk2Radar: Bridging Natural Language with 4D mmWave Radar for 3D Referring Expression Comprehension. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), DOI: 10.1109/ICRA55743.2025.11128399, 2025.

  • L. Shen, Y. Long, X. Cai, I. Razzak, G. Chen, K. Liu, and S. Jameel. GAMED: Knowledge Adaptive Multi-Experts Decoupling for Multimodal Fake News Detection. Proceedings of the Eighteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM), pp. 586–595, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3701551.3703541, 2025.

  • R. Zhang, J. Lee, X. Cai, and A. Prugel-Bennett. Revisiting Cross-Domain Problem for LiDAR-based 3D Object Detection. International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-7036-9_6, 2024.

  • R. Zhang, Y. Wu, J. Lee, X. Cai, and A. Prugel-Bennett. Detect Closer Surfaces that can be Seen: New Modeling and Evaluation in Cross-domain 3D Object Detection. 27th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI), pp. 65–72, DOI: 10.3233/FAIA240472, 2024.

  • A. Begg, E. Rogers, B. Chu, and X. Cai. Automatic Identification of Satellite Features from Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) Images. 2024 UKACC 14th International Conference on Control (CONTROL), DOI: 10.1109/CONTROL60310.2024.10532050, IEEE, 2024.

  • D. Hobson, B. Chu, and X. Cai. Biologically-Inspired Iterative Learning Control Design: A Modular-Based Approach. 2024 UKACC 14th International Conference on Control (CONTROL), DOI: 10.1109/CONTROL60310.2024.10531909, IEEE, 2024.

  • K. Alomar and X. Cai. TransNet: A Transfer Learning-Based Network for Human Action Recognition. 2023 IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), DOI: 10.1109/ICMLA58977.2023.00277, 2024.

  • J. Liu, X. Cai, and M. Niranjan. Thinking Outside the Box: Orthogonal Approach to Equalizing Protected Attributes. Workshop on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2023.

  • K. Fan, X. Cai, and M. Niranjan. IIHT: Medical Report Generation with Image-to-Indicator Hierarchical Transformer. International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP), Vol. 14452, pp. 57–71, Springer, 2023.

  • G. Auricchio, R. Zhang, J. Zhang, and X. Cai. A Bilevel Formalism for the Peer-Reviewing Problem. European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI), pp. 133–140, DOI: 10.3233/FAIA230263, 2023.

  • M. Du, P. Zhong, X. Cai, D. Bi, and Z. Li. Balanced Neural Architecture Search and Optimization for Specific Emitter Identification. 2022 IEEE 12th International Conference on RFID Technology and Applications (RFID-TA), pp. 220–223, Doi: 10.1109/RFID-TA54958.2022.9924146, 2022.

  • D. Mallios and X. Cai. Deep Rectum Segmentation for Image Guided Radiation Therapy with Synthetic Data. European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), pp. 975–979, 2021.

  • X. Cai, M. Pereyra, and J. McEwen. Quantifying Uncertainty in High Dimensional Inverse Problems by Convex Optimisation. European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), 2019.

  • J. Lee, X. Cai, C.-B. Schonlieb, and D. Coomes. Mapping Individual Trees from Airborne Multi- sensor Imagery. International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGRSS), IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society, 2015.

  • X. Cai and G. Steidl. Multiclass Segmentation by Iterated ROF Thresholding. EMMCVPR(2013), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 8081:237–250, Springer, 2013.

  • X. Cai, R. Chan, Serena Morigi, and Fiorella Sgallari. Framelet-Based Algorithm for Segmentation of Tubular Structures. SSVM(2011), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 6667:411–422, Springer, 2012.